In transcribing certain Hebrew letters, I have used the following
rough equivalents:
The 'h' is dropped if a letter has a daghesh (a dot inside the
Hebrew letter to harden the sound).
In Greek, tradition makes it difficult to be consistent. The
Greek vowel 'u' is often rendered as 'y' and 'k' as a hard 'c'.
In Russian, the softening of a consonant can be represented by a
'j' (yod), as in 'ogonj', fire. Some sounds in both ancient and
modern languages have no equivalent in standard English.
No claim is made that in this glossary identities are established,
or that coincidence plays no part. It is meant to raise
possibilities, which the reader may accept or reject as he or she
wishes.
| above |
Heb. al. |
| Acheron |
Ar. Achernar, river's end (star in Eridanus). |
| Adapa |
Sum., name of the first man. After his creation, the exalted tiara and throne of kingship were lowered from heaven to Eridu |
| aegis |
Gk., goatskin. Heb. ez, goat; ezer, helper. |
| Agave |
Name of the mother of Pentheus in The Bacchae. Heb. agabh, to desire, lust after. |
| alphabet |
Pliny says that it was brought to Latium by the Pelasgi, that Cadmus imported an alphabet of fifteen letters from Phoenicia, and that Palamedes (time of the Trojan war) added zeta, phi, psi and chi (Nat. Hist. VII). Corinth and its colonies retained koppa, origin of the Latin 'Q'. |
| also |
Heb. gam. Cf. Gk. hama, together with. |
| altar |
Eg. chaut; Heb. harel (har = mountain); Gk. bomos, thumele, eschara; Lat. ara; Etr. ar, fire; cf. the Syrian city of Arpad; voice of the altar? (Gk. phatis is a divine utterance). |
| Amar Sin |
Sum., bull-calf of Sin |
| amber |
Gk. elektron; Heb. chashmal, in Bible = radiant, in modern Heb. = electricity, as a substance = amber. Eg. sakal, Lat. sucinum. |
| An |
Sum., heaven, sky-god. Cf. Gk. ana, up. |
| Anaqim |
Heb., descendants of the giant Anaq. Gk. Anakes, the Dioscuri; anax andron, lord of men (of Agamemnon). |
| angry |
To become angry, Etr. ithe. Cf. Gk. ithuno, straighten, direct; of Zeus, to rule. |
| anoint |
Etr. luas; Gk. Iouo, wash. |
| Anu |
Akk.= An; Eg. Nu. |
| animals |
Etr. bacchetidis; Albanian bageti. |
| apex |
Eg. ap = top. |
| approach |
Heb. qarabh. |
| arena |
Etr. truia; cf. Troy. Gk. agon = arena or struggle. |
| Ariadne |
Her name may not be Ariadne, very holy, but ar yad na, hand of fire. The ending -na is frequent inEtruscan. Ar, Etr., is electrical fire; yad, Heb., is ahand. She was a goddess as well as a mortal princess, and may be the lady portrayed holding a snake in each hand. She resembles Britomartis, Artemis, and to some extent Athene. There was a Cretan festival, the Hellotia, in honour of Ariadne. Athene Hellotis was worshipped at Corinth. German 'hell' = bright. It is noteworthy that snakes in the hands of statuettes are sometimes suggestive of a bow, and vice versa. |
| ark |
Heb. aron. Cf. ar, fire, and ka. Lat. arca = chest. |
| art |
Lat. ars, skill. Cf. Gk. ararisko, join, fit, artuno, prepare, aresko, please. Adjustment of fittings for the best electrical display. |
| Ashur |
Akk, great fire. Ur, great; ash, esh, fire. |
| atef |
Eg., headgear of plume, disk and horns. |
| Atrahasis |
Sum., very wise, a name of Utnapishtim, alias Ziusudra. Cf. Psalm XXIX:9: 'The Lord sitteth above the water-flood'. Cf. Heb. atarah, crown. |
| axe |
Lydion labrys; Lat. dolabra; Akk. hazi (Lat. hasta =spear); Gk. pelekus (cf. Peleg, Genesis X:25); Lat. bipennis, securis; Heb. seghor, axe, spear, refined gold; Heb. kashil, axe or hoe, and maghzerah, axe. Cf. Etr. macstrna, macstrevc; Lat. magister, magistratus. Kybelis is a double axe, according to Hesychius. |
| banquet |
Etr. vacl, epl; Lat. epulum, Heb. mishte; cf. Gk. mistullo, cut up meat; Slav. myaso, meat. |
| Baradost |
In Iraq, name of mountain range with caves; cf. Heb. baradh, hail, fall of hot stones. |
| battle |
Heb. milchamah; Gk. mache; cf. Heb. machah, destroy. |
| beard |
Gk. pogon; Lat. Barba; Eg. chabes. Eg. bes = flame. |
| bees |
Gk. melissa; Lat. Apis. There was a cave of bees in Crete, where Rhea gave birth to Zeus. Every year a fiery glow is seen coming from the cave, caused by the blood from the birth of Zeus. Four men put on bronze armour, took some honey, and viewed the swaddling clothes of Zeus. At once their armour cracked and fell off. Zeus aimed his thunderbolt, but was restrained by Fate and Themis. The four men were transformed into birds. Ovid, Fasti III, says that honey was invented by Bacchus. |
| bird |
Heb. oph. See 'hoopoe'. Gk. omis, oionos; Lat. avis, volucris. |
| blood |
Heb. dam; Gk. haima; Etr. zac, thac; Lat. sanguis. Cf. Sum. sanga, priest. |
| boat |
Eg. hennu, a sacred boat. |
| Boreas |
The North Wind. He is the Kassite god Buriash. Fire of Bor? (esh, ash = fire) Cf. sobor (Slav.), spur (Etr.), subura, and vide Appendix B, urbs. Cf. also spanza, libation, down from the five. |
| breastplate |
choshen (of the Heb. high priest). |
| breath life |
Heb. neshamah. |
| Britomartis |
Wine-wife, wine-maiden. Hungarian ver = blood, bor= wine. Albanian vere = wine; Breseus is a name of Dionysus. Gk. damart- = wife. Cf. Ariadne, who married Dionysus. |
| bronze |
Gk. chalkos (cf. alke, strength); Heb. nachush. |
| burn |
Gk. kaio; cf Eg. ka; Lat. incendo, uro, ardeo. |
| bull |
Eg. ka; Gk. tauros (tarache = confusion), bous; Lat. taurus. |
| carve |
Etr. cana; Albanian qane; Lat. cena; the old form, caesna, is from caeao, cut. Slav. tsena = price, prize. |
| cauldron |
Gk. lebes, lebet-, El's dwelling. |
| cave |
Lydian pel; Etr. spel; Gk. spelaion; Lat. spelaeum, spelunca, caverna. Hesiod uses glaphu. Gr. antron. |
| chariot |
Eg. urit; Gk. harma, satine; Lat. currus, essedum. |
| cherub |
Heb. cherebh; cf. Gk. cheir, hand. |
| city |
Heb. ir; Etr. spur; Sanskrit pur; Lat. subura, urbs; Slav. sobor, assembly; Gk. astu, polis, city; Eg. Waset =Thebes. City boundaries, Etr. tular spural. |
| comet |
Gk. kometes, hairy; Lat. stella crinita, comata. |
| copper |
Copper or bronze, Heb. nachush. Nachash = to give oracles. |
| crown |
Gk. stephanos; Heb. nezer, tsephirah, atarah; cf. Gk. sphaira; Eg. teshe; Lat. sertum is a garland. Eg. mech, tiara; cf. Gk. mechane, device. |
| cursa |
Name of a star in Eridanus; in Arabic, throne. |
| cut |
Heb. habhar, to cut, to divide heavens in astrology. |
| Damascus |
Dim ash ka. Slav. dim, smoke; ash, fire; ka (from Egyptian). |
| dance |
Heb. chaghagh dance, process, reel. Chaghav = ravine. |
| daughter |
Eg. sat. |
| dawn |
Heb. or = light; cf. Lat. aurora. |
| destiny |
Etr. rad; Lat. ratio. |
| destruction |
Heb. kalah; cf. Sanskrit Kali. |
| destroy |
Heb. machah; Gk. mache, battle, machaira, cutlass. |
| dithyramb |
Heb. shiggayon; Gk. sikinnis (a Cretan dance). |
| discern |
Heb. kerithuth; Gk. krino. Krites = judge. |
| door |
Eg. seb, thaireaa; Gk. hepta, seven; thura, door. |
| dome |
Dome of the Rock Heb. kipat hasela; sela, rock. Gk. selas = light. |
| double |
Eg. ka; Gk. eidolon, image. |
| dragon |
Heb. nachash (constellation). nachash with short 'a' = omen. |
| dwelling |
Heb. gar; cf. Gk. chara, charis, grace, and kara, head. Cf. Heb. shekhinah, divine radiance or presence. |
| dur |
Dur Sharrukin, Sargon's fortress. Cf. Lat. turris, tower. |
| earth |
Eg. ta; Gk. da, ga, get Poteidan = Poseidon. |
| east |
Ar. al shark Lat. cras = tomorrow. A final 's' in Latin was less sharp than an initial 's', more like samekh than tsadhe. For the link between dawn and tomorrow, Gk. aurion, tomorrow, and Aurora, goddess of the dawn. For the reversed direction of the writing of 'shark', cf. raqs (Ar., dance), and sqr (Lat. etc., sacred); balta (Ar.), axe, Lat. dolabra. |
| element |
Gk. stoicheion, arche. |
| enchant |
Heb. kashaph. Lat. sapere = to be wise, understand. |
| engrave |
Heb. chaqaq = engrave, sceptre. Eg. chaker = design. |
| Enki |
Sum., lord earth; cf. Gk. ge. |
| Entemena |
Sum., lord of the temple platform. Gk. temenos = area cut off, shrine. |
| epilepsy |
The hand of Sin; the Heraklean disease, the holy disease. |
| Etemenanki |
The tower of Babel, temple foundation of heaven and earth. |
| evil |
Eg. ker; Gk. ker = evil spirit. |
| fable |
Etr. fabulonia = henbane; Albanian babullij = roar, rave. 'Fabulaeque Manes', Horace, Odes I:4:16. Fabula is the plot of a play. |
| face |
Eg. her, hra, = face; also 'upon'. Cf. Gk. Hera. |
| fate |
It is fated, Gk. chre, = ka rhei ka speaks. |
| father |
Etr. at; Hi. atta; Albanian at; Russian otets; Heb. abh: cf. Lat. avus, grandfather, ancestor. |
| fear |
Eg. herit; cf. Etr. Sert, a fearsome deity; Gk. thronos = throne. Etr. tru, drouna, = fear. Heb. mora = fear, reverence, miracle. Lat. mora = delay. Heb. yirah = fear. Yirah Yahweh, fear of god, religion. Cf. Gk. hiereus, priest, and hieros, holy. |
| feast |
Etr. and Lat. caerimonia; Albanian kreme. |
| fire |
Heb. esh (nephesh = soul); Etr. ar; Lat. ara = altar; Eg. chet, fire; cf. Gk. chaite, hair, mane; Etr. zar; Slav. zhar. Etr. sarve, put fire; Albanian zjarrve; Lat. servo, servio. Fire-stick, Eg. tcha. Eg. tehen = pillar; cf. Gk. techne. Gk. pur, Lat. ignis, incendium, = fire. |
| firmament |
Heb. rakia. Gk. kio = go. Where Ra goes? |
| fish |
Eg. an; cf. Phoenician Dagon; Heb. dagh. |
| flail |
Eg. khu; also = spirit-soul, radiance. |
| flame |
Heb. lahabh, flame, lightning, spear-point. Lahat, flame; with long vowels, = magic. Eg. besu, flame. |
| flint |
Lat. silex. |
| flourish |
Etr. thal = go out, be successful. Gk. thallo. |
| fly to |
Eg. pa; Gk. petesthai |
| footstool |
Gk. threnus, Akk. galtappu. Gk. threnos = dirge. |
| force |
Eg. Bi = The Mighty One of Iniquity. Gk. bia, force. |
| form |
Eg. qaa. |
| foundation |
Eg. sent; cf. Vergil Aeneid I:426, sanctus senatus, at Carthage. |
| fringe |
Eg. secher. |
| frog |
Eg. Heqt, frog goddess; cf. Gk. Hekate. |
| fruitful, to be |
Heb. para; cf. Lat. pario, bring forth. |
| funerary |
Etr. suthina, suthi; cf. suttee. |
| glory |
Heb. kabhodh; cf. Lat. caput; Eg. khu, radiance, and ka. See 'liver'. |
| glow |
Heb. chamam. Chaman = sun-pillar, idol of Baal. |
| goat |
Gk. tragos, aix, aig-; aegis, goat-skin; Heb. ez. Ezer = helper. Lat. caper, goat; cf. Eg. ka, + per, house. |
| goat-stag |
Gk. tragelaphos, a bearded deer. |
| god |
Gk. theos, daimon; Etr. iu; Lat. deus. |
| gold |
Heb. zahabh; Lat. aurum; Gk. chrusos; cf. Heb. or, light. |
| good |
Heb. tobh; cf. Slav. dobr-, good. |
| goose |
Eg. khenkhenur, the great cackler, nekekur, smen. Gk. chen; Lat. anser. |
| governor |
Sum. en, ensi. Lat. ensis = sword. |
| great |
Heb. gadhol; Eg. ur; Gk. megal-; Lat. magnus, altus (tall); cf. Lat. adolere, to magnify, to worship. |
| hair, mane |
Gk. chaite; Eg. Chet = hair; Lat. coma, iuba; Lat. iubar = radiance of heavenly body, especially of Phosphorus and Hesperus (Venus). |
| half |
Etr. ims; Gk. hemisu; Lat. semi. |
| hammurapi |
'The god Hammu is a healer', or 'the rod of Hammu'. Gk. rapis = rod |
| hand |
Gk. cheir; Heb. cherebh = sword. Gk.pux means 'with the fist'. Cf. Iapyx, Iapygia. |
| head |
Eg. tep; cf. Karatepe; Gk. kara, kare; Etr. katec. Ka + tego, protect? |
| healing |
Heb. marpe. Marpessus: an oracle of Apollo in Asia Minor. Gk. iatros, doctor; Lat. sanare, to heal. |
| heaven |
Eg. pet; Gk. iatros Lat. Caelus (father of Saturn), caelum; Heb. shamayim. |
| helmet |
Eg. khepers; Lat. galea, cassis; Gk. korus. |
| Herakles |
Called Mars by some', Pliny N.H.:II. |
| high |
Heb. ram; Gk. hypselos; Lat. altus. |
| holy |
Heb. qadhosh; qadhach, to burn, glow; qaran, to shine; qayin, spear, point; qardom, axe; qeshet, bow, rainbow, power. |
| hoof |
Gk. onuch-; cf. Eg. ankh, Coptic onkh. Gk. hople, hoof; hoplon, weapon. |
| hoopoe |
Heb. dukiphat. Cf. Slav. duch, spirit. Heb. pathar = explain; Sanskrit pathi, path; Lat. pons, bridge, path; pontifex, priest; Gk. phatis, utterance; Lat. fatum, fate. |
| horn |
Heb. qeren; Gk. keras; Lat. cornu. |
| horse |
Heb. sus; Akk. sisu. Cf. Celtic horse deity Esus. |
| house |
Eg. per. Per = go out. Cf. Parnassus. Eg. het, house or temple; neter het, god's house. Cf. Gk. antron, Lat. caverna, Etr. fanu, Lat. fanum, Albanian bane. House of Heaven, the name of the temple of the goddess Inanna, Semitic Ishtar, Sum E-Anna. |
| ka |
Eg., the double; cf. Heb. qadhosh, holy; Lat. cacumen = peak, point; ka + culmen, top. Cf. columen; -cello, strike. ka also = bull. Cf. Lat. caverna, a cave. |
| Ka-dingir-ra |
Babylon. Karduniash = Babylonia. |
| kerukeion |
The staff of Hermes; ka + eruko. Lat. caduceus. |
| kill |
Heb. haragh; cf. Gk. charax, stake; Eg. Harachte. |
| king |
Eg. hen; Heb. melekh; Sum. lugal; Gk. basileus, turannos, anax, Lat. rex. King of the four regions: Sum. Shar kibrat arbaim. Cf. Roma quadrata, the four quarters of Rome. Heb. arba = four. |
| knife |
Heb. sakin; cf. Lat. seco, cut. |
| know |
Heb. yadha; cf. Gk. oida. |
| kudurru |
Akk. stele; cf. Lat. turris. |
| Ladon |
Serpent killed by Herakles. E1 Adon? |
| Lady |
Eg. turan; cf. Gk. turannos, despoina. |
| lamp |
Heb. ner. Nergal is the planet Mars. Gal = great; cf. Gk. megal-, great. |
| languid |
Heb. chalah, to be languid; = Gk. chalan. |
| laurel |
Gk. daphne; Lat. laurus. It makes loud noises when burned, as does holly. |
| lazy |
Heb. paghar; Lat. piger. |
| libation |
Etr. lacth; cf. Gk. lekuthos, oil-bottle. Etr. spanza, pour libation; Hi. sipand; Gk. spendo. Cf. Hi. panza = five, Sanskrit pancha. 'S' (Slav.) = with, down from. Etr. huriur, husiur, is a libation; Gk. cheo, I pour. Chusis, a pouring. Eg. ur = great. The great pouring. |
| life |
Heb. chaim; Etr. knie; cf. Eg. Khnum, the god that creates man; and Lat. genius; Eg. ankh. |
| light |
Heb. or; Gk. phos = man, phos (neuter) = light; selas, lightning flash; cf. Heb. sela, rock. Etr. kvil light (Tanaquil); Lat. lux, Etr. loschna; cf. Slav. losk gleam; Lat. luscus, one-eyed. light-tower Eg. an. Etr. kvil (aquila, Tanaquil); Hungarian kivilagit is to illuminate. |
| lightning |
Heb. gachelet, bazaq, baraq (cf. bareqeth, emerald; barqan, threshing-sledge), chaziz, cf. chazir, boar; lapidh; cf. Lat. lapides; stones; Etr; thehen; cf. Gkf. thuo, sacrifice by fire. |
| lightningconductor |
Etr. arseverse; cf. Lat. severto, turn aside. |
| lineage |
Etr. thur; Albanian dore; cf. Gk. thura, door. |
| lion |
Heb. ari. Ariel, lion of god, hero, Jer-salem, altar, hearth. |
| liver |
Etr. caveth, Heb. kabhedh; cf. kabhodh, weight, glory, soul, person. Lat. iecur. |
| look, to |
Heb. nabhat. Nabhi prophet. Cf. Gk. ana, up, and (v)idein, to see. The digamma gives Lat. video, see. |
| lot |
Voting stone, Heb. goral. |
| linen |
Linen garments, Eg. menkh. Cf. Gk. meno, stay, resist. |
| lord |
Gk. despotes. Cf. Teshub, the Hurrian storm god. Gk. kurios. Eg. neb; cf. Lat. Neptunus; Heb. adhon, Baal, sar; Eg. ser, ur; Lat. servus. |
| magic |
Heb. lat; see 'flame'. To practice magic, kashaph. |
| majestic,to be |
Heb. ga-a; also = to rise, grow up. Gaon, majesty, swelling. |
| man |
Gk. phos, anthropos, aner; Etr. aner. |
| mane |
Gk. chaite; Lat. iuba; cf. iu, god; ba, soul. |
| market |
Etr. terg; Slav. torgovlia, trade. |
| meal |
Sacred, of meat, Heb. tebach; Lat. dapes; Etr. vacl. |
| meat |
Etr. mis; Slav. mjaso. Cf. Gk. mistullo, cut up meat before roasting. |
| messenger |
Heb., malakh; melekh = king. The king was the interpreter of the will of the god. |
| metal |
Heb. pach = metal plate; pachim (plural), lightning, heat, glow. |
| milk |
Heb. chalabh; Gk. gala. |
| mountain |
Etr. mal Cf. Gk. mallos, Lat. mallus, lock of wool. |
| mummy |
Eg. sahu. |
| murmur |
Heb. haghah. Cf. Gk. hagios, and hagnos, holy. |
| Muses |
Gk. Pierides (from Mt. Pieros in Thessaly). Cf. Heb. pe'er, head-dress, turban, chaplet. |
| nail |
Gk. helos, nail, in Homer is only for ornament. A sceptre has golden nails, as does a sword. Zelos, envy, may be Set's nail; cf. phthonos, envy, in the Timaeus. Arizelos, conspicuous, of the rays of a star (Iliad, XIII:244), has the prefn 'ari' which may be 'ar', fire. When Zeus turns a snake into stone, he makes it 'arizelon'. (Illiad II:318). |
| name |
Heb. shem. Gk. sema = sign, mark. |
| Nar |
Marratu Bitter river, Persian Gulf. Lat. amarus = bitter. |
| Neith |
Eg. Net, the goddess Neith. |
| net |
Eg. sat is a net-work garment, such as was worn by Greek seers. Net-man Retiarius, armed with net and trident, in Roman amphitheatre. |
| night |
Heb. lailah. Cf. Gk. lailaps, storm. In the storm that Poseidon sends against Odysseus, 'night rushed down from heaven' Odyssey V:294. |
| Nile |
Eg. Hap. Hap-ur, the great Hapi, the Celestial Nile. |
| nod |
Heb. nudh; Lat. nutare, especially of Jupiter. |
| north |
Heb. tsaphon = north, northern sky. Tsaphah = to watch; as participle, a watchman, seer, prophet. Ar. al shamal = the north. Cf. Heb. chashmal, amber. Gk. Boreas, the north wind, the north; arktos, the north, the north star, a bear, and a girl at Athens who was a servant of Arternis Brauronia. |
| Oak |
Heb. tirzah; Gk. drus. |
| Obelisk |
Cf. Eg. techen, and Gk. techne (skill, cunning device). Gk. obelos = a spit, for roasting. When of stone, it is a pillar, Herodotus II:111, 170. |
| olive |
Eg. baaq; cf. Lat. baca, berry. |
| Omen |
Heb. nachash, oth, othoth; cf. Gk. ototoi Cassandra's cry of woe; Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1072. |
| Onion |
Lat. caepa; Ar. basal. Cf. garlic, Gk. skorodon, physinx, gelgith- (cf. Heb. gulgoleth, skull); Lat. allium. |
| Open |
Heb. pathah, to open, be open; pathar, explain; pethach, door; cf. Gk. ptuche, recess (seven recesses?); Sanskrit pathi path;Gk. patos; Lat. patere, to be open; cf. pons, way, bridge; pontifex, priest. Cf. Apollo Svulare, the revealer. |
| oracle |
Heb. massa = oracle, elevation, song, lifting of voice, desire. Ne'um, oracle; na'am, to murmur. Gk. chresterion, oracle. |
| order |
Etr. rath; Lat. ratio; cf. Heb. sedera and Lat. sidera, stars. (Sedera = row). |
| ox |
Heb. par; cf. Slav. par, steam. |
| Pelasgians |
They were 'dioi'= divine, and were among the inhabitants of Crete mentioned in Odyssey XIX: 177. I suggest that they were pel sagi, people with cave knowledge. Pel (Lydian) = cave; sagus (Lat.) = wise, especially about divine and future matters. The caves in the Northwest slopes of the Athenian Acropolis may have been of special interest to the Pelasgians. |
| pelops |
Voice from the cave; pel, cave (Lydian), ops, voice (Gk.). |
| phoenix |
Eg. khu = head of the bennu bird. |
| pillar |
Heb. shath; Eg. an, ucha; Gk. kion, stulos; Lat. columna; Et. prezu; cf. Gk. prester, thunderbolt. Eg. an, light- tower. |
| pitcher |
Jug, Heb. kadh; Gk. kados; Etr. kathesa. |
| planets |
Heb. mazzaloth. Slav. mesto = place. El's place? Cf. Mazzaroth (signs of Zodiac?). |
| prayer |
Gk. ara. Heb. arar, to curse. Etr. lut, to pray; cf. Gk. lite, a prayer or curse. |
| pride |
Heb. zadhon. Adhon = lord. |
| priest |
Sum. sanga; Eg. neter hen, divine servant; Heb. kohen (hen = servant); kamar, priest serving an idol; Gk. hiereus; Lat. sacerdos, flamen (he who blows the flame), pontifex, bridge or path maker. Cf. Heb. kamar and Etr. mer (take?). |
| prince |
Eg. ur, ser; Lat. servus; Heb. sar, lord. Philistine p., seren; cf. Lat. serenus, clear (of the sky), of Jupiter. |
| prize |
Lat. cena, banquet; Slav. tsena, price. |
| prophet |
Heb. nabhi; chazah, prophesy. Gk. mantis. |
| protection |
amulet, Eg. sa; cf. Gk. saos, safe. |
| prytanis |
Senior Athenian official who tended fire by waving firebrands. Gk. pyr, fire; tanuo, brandish. Etr. eprithieva, he was a prutanis. |
| pyramid |
In The Book of the Dead, a pyramid of Pepi is identified with Osiris (Budge p. 646). |
| pylon |
Eg. sebchet, fire-gate; cf. Gk. chaite, mane. |
| sceptre |
Eg. tcham; Gk. kerukeion; Lat. caduceus, baculum; Heb. shebhet, sceptre, threshingstick rod. |
| seat |
Eg. ast; cf. Auset, the goddess Isis. |
| see |
Heb. ra'ah; or = light; cf. Eg. ra, and Gk. horo, see. |
| senate |
Cf. Eg. sent, outline of foundation of building. See Aeneid I:426, on the foundation of Carthage. |
| sepulchre |
Heb. qebher; cf. Lat. caverna. Gk. kamara is anything with a vaulted roof, Lat. camera. The usual derivation is from kampto, bend, but note the Hebrew mearah, cave. Eg. meh is to fill. Full of ar, electrical fire? Abraham buried Sarah in the cave of the field of Machpelah, Genesis XXIII: 19. Pel (Lydian) is a cave. |
| serpent |
Eg. ara; Eg. serpent-goddess, Mehent. Cf. Gk. mechane, device, and Heb. Nechustan, the brazen serpent, Numbers XXI:9. Gk. ara, prayer, or curse. |
| seven |
Eg. seb, gate; cf. Gk. hepta, Lat. septem; seven planets, seven-gated Thebes. |
| shade |
Etr. hia; Gk. skia; cf. Hi. siu, god. |
| shepherd |
Gk. poimen; Finnish paimen. |
| sign |
Heb. oth, pl. othoth; cf. Gk. ototoi Alas! Aesch. Ag. 1072; Gk. sema; Lat. monstrum. Gk. otobos, a startling noise, e.g. din of battle, thunder, rattle of chariots, noise of pipes. |
| sin |
Heb. chata, to sin; cf. Gk. chaite, hair, mane; hamartano, miss the mark, sin; Lat. erro (wander), pecco. |
| skin |
Heb. or; also = light. Shining with oil? |
| sky |
Etr. falando; Lat. caelum. Fala, scaffolding. 'Falacer' is a flamen. |
| slaughter |
Heb. zabhach; cf. Gk. sphazo. |
| slay |
Heb. haragh; cf. Eg. harachte. |
| smoke |
Gk. kapnos, ka, and pnous, breath? |
| song |
Heb. shir; cf. Gk. Seiren, Siren. |
| soul |
Ba, khu, ka, nephesh, psyche, anima, animus, genius, daimon, neshamah. |
| speak |
Hep. dabhar. Cf. Heb. tobh, good; Slav. dobr-; Etr. ar = fire. |
| spear |
Heb. chanith. Gk. kentron, goad. |
| staff |
Gk. skeptron; Heb. maqqel; Lat. macellum, shambles. Lat. macto, sacrifice, magnify, worship, slaughter. Lat. baculum, stick. |
| stone |
Macedonian pela (spel, cave?); Eg. aner; cf. Gk. aner, man. Deucalion and Pyrrha threw stones which became men and women. Heb. goral, voting stone; Etr. kur; Sanskrit garu, heavy; Etr. penthuna, slab of stone; cf. Gk. Pentelikos, where marble was quarried. Gk. petros Cf. Lat. iecur, liver (ie = god). |
| strike |
Etr. rach; Heb. haragh = slay. |
| summer |
Heb. kaits. Gk. kaio, burn. |
| sun |
Etr. erus, usil; Heb. shemesh. |
| sweet |
Eg. bener; Lat. Venus, Vener-; Etr. aplu; cf. Lat. placet, it pleases. Gk. ampelos, vine; Albanian ambel, sweet. |
| sword |
Heb. cherebh; Gk. cheir, hand or arm; Heb. mekhera; Gk. machaira, cutlass. |
| Tarquin |
Cf. the Asian deity Tark or Tarkon. |
| terebinth |
Heb. elah; Gk. elate, pine. |
| Thebes |
Eg. Uast (child of Set). Cf. Gk. astu, city. |
| there |
Heb. sham. Shamayim, the there-waters, the heavens. |
| threshing |
Etr. lamna. Gk. halos, aloe, dinos. |
| throne |
Eg. ast, auset; Gk. thronos; cf. Etr. drouna, fear. Heb. kisse, seat; cf. Sum. kish. Gk. kissos, ivy; Lat. hedera; cf. Gk. hedra, seat, especially of the gods. Ivy was wound round the thyrsus. |
| thunder |
Etr. cemnac, frontac, thunderer. Gk. semnos, holy. (Astrape = lightning). |
| tin |
Gk. kassiteros; Sanskrit kastira = shine; Ar. kasdir. |
| tool |
Eg. met, tool or weapon. Gk. mechane? |
| transgression |
Heb. shal. Lat. salire, leap. |
| tripod |
Etr. cisum pute; cis = three; Gk. podes, feet. |
| Typhoeus |
He is 'arduus'. High, or is he blazing? Ar, fire; ara, altar. |
| wagons |
Frequent in Celtic myth. Gods moving in the sky? Thor's cart was drawn by goats. |
| war |
Battle, war: Heb. milchamah; Gk. polemos; mache, battle. Lat. bellum, war; pugna, proelium, battle. |
| way |
A going, Heb. derekh; cf. Lat. rego, dirigo, guide, rule. |
| west |
Heb. marabh; erebh, evening. Gk. Erebos, a place of darkness on the way to Hades, Odyssey X:528. The link between west and Hades appears in Eg. Amenti, Hades, and Ement, the west. |
| with |
Etr. me, e.g. menatha, with the night. Gk. meta = with. |
| wizard |
Heb. yidhoni; cf. Gk. idein, see. |
| wolf |
Etr. vc; Albanian uc; Gk. lukos. |
| word |
Heb. milah; Gk. homilia, association. Heb. dabhar. Debhir, the Holy of Holies, qodhesh haqqodhashim, sanctum sanctorum, at the west end of the temple. Debher, destruction. |
